Rei Sustainability Case

To: Council of Executive Vice Presidents Date: 1th of November, 2012 From: Anders F? dder Subject: Evaluation of REI’s supportability objectives I am writing in light of your request in regards to the credibility of keeping up the consistent development of the organization just as fulfilling its maintainability objectives. The accompanying areas will address the three issues, referenced by top administration, by first depicting them, at that point deciphering them and finally they will be evaluated.Conclusion and proposals will be founded on this. REI center significantly around the effect that their business has on the earth. They consistently deal with finding new and inventive arrangement that will help diminish these negative impacts. Their corporate crucial this dedication: â€Å"At REI, we rouse, teach and outfit for a lifetime of open air experience and stewardship† REI’s stewardship needs: * Encourage the dynamic protection of nature Inspire the dependabl e use and satisfaction in the outside * Enhance the common world and our networks through capable strategic approaches * Foster chances to expand cooperation in human-controlled outside entertainment * Maintain REI as a business of decision, where workers are exceptionally occupied with the vision of the organization and are illustrative of our networks The CEO, Kevin Hagen, additionally expressed that these budgetary and ecological objectives and desire must be met without giving up either. Hagen supported moving to a system of â€Å"no tradeoffs† in this way making a change in outlook; Innovation over compromise.Issue 1 First issue is whether the company’s expressed supportability objectives and desires are predictable with its corporate crucial its expressed stewardship goals that are recorded previously. REI maintainability objectives center around three territories; vitality utilization, ozone harming substance emanation (carbon impression) and decrease of squande rer to landfills. The organization intends to include water, toxics, land use and social effect on this rundown in not so distant future. Every one of these territories has a desire for 2020, an objective for 2015 and a spending plan for the current year. Vitality consumptionREI has taken various activities to build their vitality productivity by changing to new sustainable force sources at every possible opportunity. They crucial to keep their vitality utilization at a fixed level in spite of opening new stores. One the manners in which they do this is by putting resources into self-age alternatives, for example, sun based innovation. Their methods of dealing with their vitality use and expanding proficiency include: * Solar innovation in a considerable lot of our stores * Lighting: * Elimination of every glowing bulb from our retail locations * Installation of exceptionally vitality effective bulbs and apparatuses * Greater dependence on bay windows and characteristic lighting Hea ting and cooling (HVAC): * Aggressive retrofitting and supplanting of obsolete HVAC gear with modern new models * Centralized observing * Energy-sparing procedures, for example, on-request ventilation and wind stream * Measurement of our stores' vitality effectiveness against comparable structures across the country with the ENERGY STAR benchmarking instrument Greenhouse gas discharge (GHG) The yearning for 2020 concerning GHG was to be atmosphere unbiased. Their objective for 2015 was to cut GHG by 50 percent contrasted with 2010 emanations. The financial plan for every year was a particular objective in huge amounts of CO2 that was characterized by the 2015 goal.REI took a gander at numerous parts of their business so as to arrive at this objective. These were not restricted by their own particular activity inside REI. They look past themselves and attempt to change the manner in which their representatives and providers act to. The rundown include: representative driving and trav el, travel by clients partaking in REI Adventures programs from their homes to the site of program, transportation of items from sellers to the organization and shipments to clients. Be that as it may, they have excluded client transportation to and from the stores.REI gives significant impetuses to their representatives to lessen the natural effects of driving and corporate travel. These include: * A 50 percent travel appropriation * Showers and secure bicycle stockpiling at each REI office * Telecommuting alternatives at our home office area * Web conferencing and other innovation apparatuses In 2011, REI joined forces with The Nature Conservancy to execute an afforestation venture on the Bayou Bartholomew property in Louisiana, which will reestablish timberland progression with the adjoining Chemin-a-Haut State Park.Funding gave willfully by REI Adventures will fund the future retirement of carbon balances from this undertaking. Through this exertion, REI bolstered The Nature Con servancy's rebuilding of this woods environment, just as the structure of a carbon venture. This carbon venture has been approved and enlisted through a sound outsider confirmation framework (the Verified Carbon Standard). The exertion will add to long haul foundational change, profiting the climate and the woods environment, and has been intended to create obvious carbon balances in the future.Though REI would look for new and inventive answers for all perspectives inside the organization, there is in any event one were they could just balance as opposed to decrease. REI’s biggest wellspring of GHG discharges was REI Adventures which created 31 percent of its aggregate, to be specific flying individuals to experience goals. This special case was managed by buying carbon balances as a piece of the movement bundle, paid by REI. Decrease of waste to landfills REI goal for 2020 was to have no loss to landfills and slice waste to landfills significantly somewhere in the range of 2010 and 2015.In request to accomplish this, they endeavor to make their bundling transporting tasks as effective as could be expected under the circumstances. They work with sellers, dispatching organizations and industry partners to pioneer new ways to deal with this unpredictable circumstance. One case of this is the means by which they rethought the manner in which bikes were bundled and transported. The bicycles, transported in cardboard boxes from china, was bundled in parts and gathered at one area in the US from where they were sent to the stores. The broad pressing, taped and stapled together, held the parts and amassed bicycles safely however was hard to collect and disassemble.REI amended this procedure in way that permitted them to reuse the container again and again. Basically, similar containers that was utilized from the maker in China, was utilized all through the flexibly chain and came back to China, to by and by be use. In this way reusing all the materials as opp osed to sending it to landfills. This diminished the cardboard utilization by in excess of 60 percent. Also they spared more than $1 million in yearly work hours because of diminished time required to pack and unload bicycles. Recap REI saw an ascent in its net carbon sway during 2010.But the expansion was littler than by and large organization development during the year, as estimated by deals. Generally speaking, the organization utilized 2. 4% less vitality in its offices, in spite of including four new stores and migrating two retail stores to bigger spaces. Other maintainability endeavors incorporate buying 58. 4% Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)- confirmed paper fiber, and reusing 74% of absolute operational waste, including over 95% at REI’s two circulation places. Network endeavors included 109,785 volunteer hours submitted through 541 REI-facilitated preservation undertakings to plant trees, reestablish trails, and clean stops and streams.The organization additionall y supported $3. 7 million in awards furnished to 330 charitable accomplices with an emphasis on preservation and outside amusement. In any case, REI is moving sustainable power source authentications produced by their sun based boards. Since they don't guarantee credit for decreasing carbon while doing as such, this is making an issue as far as arriving at carbon zero. A test they should survive on the off chance that they mean to arrive at their yearnings. REI could additionally diminish their GHG by reexamining the utilization of New Zealand as a goal. Numerous areas on North American (e. g.Alaska, Canada, and the Rocky Mountains) mainland have comparative area to offer, and seeing that New Zealand is half away around the globe, this could be a powerful replacement. Show three shows the advancement of arriving at the 2015 objectives. Is shows the genuine status of every one of the three territories in e. g. the main quarter of 2011, the arrangement for 2011, the direction for 2015 and the objective for 2015. In spite of the fact that the directions for 2015 for each of the three are over the objective, one can see from the real status for 2011, that they are generally genuinely close if not under the arrangement for the equivalent year.So regardless of the unhappiness direction for 2015 REI is undoubtedly on the correct way. Issue 2 The subsequent issue was recognizing the possible dangers with REI embracing the â€Å"No Trade-offs† approach enunciated by the corporate social duty gathering, seen from an administrative execution estimation point of view. The â€Å"No exchange offs† approach presents a few dangers. It can demonstrate be costly, in the arrangements required to satisfy as well as the hours it take to contact them. As the CEO seeks advancement over contain, the workers will consistently need to search for better approaches for performing tasks.This requires some serious energy and time is cash. This is additionally a high contrast approach leaving none or almost no squirm room. The representatives need to remain inside the boundaries and now and again they may be searching for arrangements that are just not there. Once more, this is tedious and will without a doubt make REI pass up extra income lost by glancing in other fixed areas. REI has set the bar high and this may likewise negatively affect the individuals attempting to discover the arrangements. In the event that the objectives appear to be excessively outlandish, it may demotivate as opposed to move along these lines bringing down the spirit among the workforce.However, by defining a progressively sensible objective for 2015 this is to some degree checked. Recap So there are a few dangers by the â€Å"No exchange off† approach, yet REI appears to get around them. The

Teaching Philosophy Statement :: Education Teachers Teaching Essays

Showing Philosophy Statement There have been numerous instructors come and go in my life, however just a couple truly stick out. The explanation I need to educate is a direct result of these couple of instructors that have contacted my life. A one of a kind universe of chance rests inside an instructive framework. The capacity to impact minds is a superb thing. I don’t need to be one of those common instructors; I need to turn into an outstanding educator. I need to be the instructor that everybody esteems. I comprehend that it will take a great deal of difficult work to turn into this kind of educator, however I’m ready to do as such. I would like to be a positive effect on my understudies. I need to have the option to persuade my understudies, and give them a full chance to learn. I wish for the understudies who leave my study hall to have achieved freedom, information, and self-control. I think these three viewpoints are the parts of a powerful study hall condition. My way of thinking on instruction is a diverse way of thinking. I find that I lean toward the essentialist theory. Needing to be a science educator, I accept that normal sciences ought to be a central subjects. Despite the fact that I feel that talk and conversation are incredible approaches to lean, I figure an assortment of strategies ought to be utilized. I figure a successful study hall ought to acquire different techniques for learning, for example, agreeable learning, authority learning, venture based guidance alongside direct guidance. I accept that scholarly meticulousness is a basic segment of training. I accept understudies should ace certain key materials before being given to the following evaluation level. Other than essentialism, I discover another way of thinking I lean toward is perrenialism. What makes me lean toward perrenialism is that I accept that techniques, for example, critical thinking, conversation, address, basic reasoning, and addressing ought to be utilized in each homeroom. As a science instructor I would imagine that critical thinking would be the most ideal approach to teach my understudies. My objectives for what's to come are to move on from Concord with a Bachelor’s in Science Education of evaluations 9-12. I at that point plan on perhaps educating and afterward proceeding to acquire a Master’s certificate.

Ratios

Ratios Ratios Home›Economics Posts›Ratios Economics PostsDQ 1.Ratios that could have been reviewed to detect the aging of equipment problemThese are financial ratios which give a clear evidence of how an organization uses its equipments. They can also be referred to as efficiency ratios. They are of two types namely receivables turnover and inventory turnover ratios.Receivable turnover ratio shows how fast an organization reduces its debtors. It is stated as:Turnover receivables= Annual credit turnoverDebtors/Accounts receivablesIn reporting the sales on credit, the value is usually given as a number in which they stand as a debt before they are subscripted. The number is usually the collection period.   This is the balance in trade debtors divided by the per annual credit sales.Mean collection period= Annual sales on credit       OR           365                                                                                                                                                                                                               Trade Debtors                                   Turnover ReceivablesStock turnover- This can be defined as the cost of sales in a given period of time divided by the mean stock level in the stated period of time. i.e.Stock turnover=Cost of salesAverage salesStock period- It reports the number of days in which stock ca be worth on hand. This can be stated as:Stock period = Mean stockStock period= 365                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Turn over on stockii. Those ratios which can be impacted on the repairs of the equipmentThese are financial ratios which measure the success of an organizationGross profit margin ratio- It is the relationship between the gross profit a nd the sales. It takes into consideration, the cost of sales but not any other production expenses.Gross profit margin= Turn over- Cost of sales                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Turn overAsset Return ratio This is a ratio which shows how an organization effectively utilizes its assets at hands to generate profits.Asset return ratio = Net Income                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               cumulative Assets.Return on Equity- It is defined as the value earned on investment in relation to the net profit generated.Return on equity= Net Income                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Investment Shareholder EquityB.  Turnover receivables- The ratio is useful in determining the amount of sales realized on all the transactions made on credit terms. It is normally reviewed in order to analyze the entire profit/loss margin realized to all the creditors of the firm. All the firm’s assets are reviewed in the process to figure out their current values. Mean collection period used in analyzing the total sales made on credit over a trading cycle of a company.   The ratio is reviewed in order to give a clear overview of the functioning of the firm. It determines the margins of profits realized in all the transactions over the trading period. Stock turnover illustrates the net average sales made over a given period of time. It is a major determiner of the operating averag e output of three products commodities. It aids in foretelling the required stock over a trading cycle of a given firm. Stock period is reviewed in order to determine the intake-output of the firm’s total sales within the trading cycle. It helps in the process of planning for all the firm’s purchases in a given period. Asset Turn over ratios is useful in analyzing low/high profit margins of a company in relation to its production turn over. They are normally affected by the competitive and cutthroat pricing procedures in the labor markets (Walsh, 2008).C. Concern about the:InvestorThe investor will have to consider in general the return in relation to his/ investment. In doing so, the following factors should be emphasized: The total turnover, the net worth of the business and the total assets.The sales to net worth ratio- this is the relationship measuring the per unit return on investment. This can be summarized as:Sales to net worth ratio= Total sales   Net worthTurn over to total assets ratio- This is a ratio which shows the value of sale generate on per unit asset. It can also be defined as the ability of an asset to generate income as a unit.Turn over to total assets ratio= Total turn overTotal AssetsIf the turnover of company is higher than the total assets and the net worth of the business, then the investor will be wise investing in such a companyCreditorThe Creditor should consider a company that can settle its accounts payables within the shortest time. This will ease resource acquisition and bills settlement. The following factors are taken into consideration: the Company’s cost of sales, the debtors, debtors’ turnover the number of days in the financial year, usually 365, Net profit, any non-cash cost and principle on accounts receivables.Accounts payable turnover- It is a measure of the company’s ability to clear it debtors, either partially or fully by utilizing its cost of sales. The lesser the value, is clear indication that the comp any experiences a hard time in clearing its debtors.Accounts payable turn over= Cost of sales                                                                                             DebtorsDay’s payable ratio- This is the measure of the number of days in the accounting period, a company is able to settle its debtors.Days payable ratio= 365                                               Debtors turn overDebt Coverage Ratio:This is the ability of the company to manage its debt at hand and it’s panache to take additional debts without worryNet Profit + Any Non-Cash Expenses/ Principal on debtFinancial ManagerThe financial manager’s obligation is to realize and ensure the efficiency of a company’s available resources. This will be in relation to the existing turn over or sales. The following factors are taken into consideration: The cost of sales, the stock at hand, number of days in the accounting period, usually 365, the stock turn over.Inventory turnover- This ratio shows the rate at which company clears its stock. The higher the rate of turnover, the better since it is healthy for the business. This increases the flow of cash and reduces storage expenses and other expenses related to storage. It is important to monitor stock turnover since it detects over and under stocking (Walsh, 2008).Stock turnover= Cost of sales                                                                     StockDay’s stock shows the mean time of days that stock is at hand, the lesser average days, the faster the rate.Day’s stock= 365 days/ Stock TurnoverDQ 2. Explain how each of the following ratios could support the allegation of poor billing performance (Failing to bill/ under billing patients). Include an analysis of working capital in the discussion.Working capital measures the relationship between current assets and current liabilities. It’s also determines the liquidity of a given entity i.e.  if the current assets can meet the businesses current obligations . Relationship giving value 1 portrays negative working Capital. Ratio more than 1 to 2 can be considered satisfactory. In this case Valley hospital is not utilizing its assets used to billing in the best way that can meet its current obligations. Current Ratio gives the measure of a company’s ability to meet its short term obligations using the assets at hand. If the current ratio is low, then it is a clear indication that the company is poorly utilizing its billing facility/asset. Return on Equity ratio forms a basis for the analysis of initiating new projects in a given firm. It gives rough estimates of the cost of undertaking the project in relation to the working capital of the firm as it indicates all the realizations from the firm’s investments within a stipulated period. It is normally rated above the leverage acquired from the creditors of the firm. It is a reference point that determines the establishment of any project in a firm. Profit Margin refers to the net income realized divided among the revenues of the firm. The ratio is used in comparing the performances of various related companies in the labor market.   The ratio is normally displayed in percentage in terms of dollars. A high percentage indicates proper control of the firm’s cost and vice versa in relation to the competitors. Days cash on hand ratio give an overview of all the business transactions as it relates both the expenses incurred and the revenue earned within the trading cycle on daily basis. Days in patient accounts receivables refers to the daily evaluation of the cash flows from the patients. It gives an average of all the payments collected from the patients within a stated time. The ratio is useful in planning for the process of funding the health care units as much of the receivables are used in purchasing all the requirements in the unit (Walsh, 2008).

Nursing Leadership Styles - 1168 Words

Leadership Styles in Professional Nursing Leadership Styles in Professional Nursing Introduction Leaders are not merely those who control others, but act as visionaries who help employees to plan, lead, control, and organize their activities. As states by (Hood, Leddy, amp; Pepper, 2006), â€Å"leadership is a complex term with multiple definitions but is normally defined as a process of influencing others or guiding or directing others to attain mutually agreed upon goals† (as cited by Agnes, 2005). There are several recognized leadership styles such as bureaucratic — where the leader rigidly follows rules, policies, and regulation; or participative — where the leader allows the staff to participate in decision making and seek the†¦show more content†¦Application of Clinical Example â€Å"Transactional leadership is a style of leadership focused on contingent rewards of followers† (McGuire amp; Kennerly, 2006, p.180). Goals are set, directions are given, and rewards are used to reinforce employee behaviors associated with meeting or exceeding established goals. Followers are manipulated and controlled with rewards of praise and recognition, merit raises, and promotions, which can be given or withheld according to the employee’s performance. The outcome of such behavior is enhanced role clarity, job satisfaction and improved performance (McGuire amp; Kennerly, 2006). â€Å"Transformational leaders use ideals, inspiration, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration to influence the behaviors and attitudes of others† (McGuire amp; Kennerly, 2006, P.180). The leader clarifies the responsibility and accountability of the staff, and identifies and agrees on responsibility. The leader also has continuous consultation and support of the staff. Continuous feedback and update is provided, ongoing evaluations and acknowledgments are given, and achievements are celebrated. The staff is protectedShow MoreRelatedLeadership Styles Of The Nursing Profession997 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership is multifaceted, encompassing many definitions and qualities. â€Å"Leadership may be viewed as the process of guiding, teaching, motivating, and directing the activities is the ability to influence others† (Ellis Hartley, 2009, p. 5). Leadership in the clinical setting has direct association in clinical care while always influencing others to improve the quality of care they provide. Each leader possesses a different leadership style for their particular department. The ability for an individualRead MoreNursing Leadership Styles Essay821 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: LEADERSHIP STYLES Leadership Styles Nursing leadership styles have changed over time as leadership theories have developed (Marquis Hutson, 2009). The 1900’s brought about many theories and theorists on leadership and management styles. 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HealthSouth is the nation’s largest inpatient rehabilitation, there are HealthSouth’s in 28 states and one in Puerto Rico. There are inpatient, outpatient, and home health services. The mission statement of HealthSouth involves an advanced degree of rehabilitative care to clients recovering from cerebrovascular accidents, cardiac a nd pulmonary disorders, spine, andRead MoreLeadership And Its Effects On The Nursing Profession1284 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: LEADERSHIP IN NURSING 1 Leadership And It’s Effects in the Nursing Profession Daniel Lamphier Indiana University Northwest LEADERSHIP IN NURSING 2 Leadership And It’s Effects in the Nursing Profession Leadership is one of the most desired traits a modern day worker can possess. It does

Death of a Salesman Characters

The characters of Death of a Salesman consist of the Loman family, comprised of Willy, Linda, Biff and Happy; their neighbor Charley and his successful son Bernard; Willy’s employer Howard Wagner; and the â€Å"Woman in Boston,† with whom Willy had an affair. They are all urban dwellers save for Ben, Willy’s brother, who  lives in the jungle. Willy Loman The protagonist of the play, Willy Loman is a 62-year-old salesman who lives in Brooklyn but is assigned to the New England region, so he is on the road for five days out of the week. He places great emphasis on his work and the values associated with it. He relates friends and people he admires with professional and personal aspirations. He wants to be as successful as Ben and as well-liked as David Singleman—which explains his lewd humor. A failed salesman, he fears the present but romanticizes the past, where his mind constantly wanders in the play’s time switches. He is alienated from Biff, his eldest son, and this mirrors the alienation he feels in respect to the world at large. Willy Loman is prone to contradictory statements. For example, he reprimands Biff for being lazy twice, but then he admiringly says his son is not lazy. Similarly, on one occasion he says a man should have few words, only to then course-correct by saying that, since life is short, jokes are in order, then concluding that he jokes too much. This speech and thought pattern reflects his conflicting values and lack of control. It’s a franticness that can be traced back to the fact that he cannot fulfil the ideals he is devoted to. Biff The Lomans’ eldest son, Biff is a once promising high school athlete who ended up dropping out of school and has been living intermittently as a drifter, a farmer, and an occasional thief. Biff rejects his father and his values due to their encounter in Boston, where he discovers his affair with the Woman. As if to demonstrate the worthlessness of his father’s real values, he carries some of the lessons his father taught him to an extreme—as a boy, he was encouraged to steal lumber, and, as an adult, he continues stealing. And while he refuses to follow the path his father hoped he would pursue, namely get a university education and have a business, he still seeks parental approval. Biff’s actions, while off-kilter, parody the adventurous nature of business enterprises. Happy He is the younger, less-favored son who eventually makes enough money to move out of his parents’ house and get a bachelor pad. He tries harder than Biff to be like his father, hoping to be loved by him. He claims to want a girl just like the one his dear old dad married, and exaggerates his professional achievements the way his father used to do. He also mimics his father’s speech patterns, as in his line â€Å"Don’t try honey, try hard.†Ã‚   On one level, Happy understands his father (a poor salesman, he is â€Å"sometimes†¦a sweet personality†); on another, he fails to learn from his fathers mistaken values. Happy replaces marriage with one night stands. Like his father, he experiences a sense of alienation. Despite a profusion of women, which the audience both hears about and witnesses in a scene, he claims to be lonely, even saying that he keeps â€Å"knockin’ them over and it doesn’t mean anything.† This statement mirrors his father’s later assertion that the Woman in Boston means nothing, but while Willy has a real emotional commitment to his wife Linda, Happy doesn’t even have a family to sustain him. In the set of values portrayed in the play, this makes him a deterioration from his father.   Linda   Willy Loman’s wife, Linda is his foundation and support. She tries to make their two sons treat their father decently  and gives him encouragement and reassurance. However, her attitude does not indicate passivity or stupidity, and she is far from a doormat when her sons fail their duties to their father. She is not as deluded about reality as Willy is, and wonders whether Bill Oliver will remember Biff.  Were she to nag Willy to face reality, that might result in his emulating his father and abandoning the family. Linda’s personality emerges  on three occasions when Willy is absent. In the first, she asserts that, despite his mediocrity as a businessman and as a man, he is a human being in crisis who deserves attention. She notes that his business associates do not accord him recognition and neither do his sons, for whose benefit he worked. Then she pleads his case as a father, chastising her sons for having deserted him as they would not have a stranger. Finally, she eulogizes a husband she loves, and her incomprehension as to why he ended his life does not imply her stupidity. She was aware of something the audience was not let in on: the last time she saw Willy, he was happy because Biff loved him.   Charley Charley, Willys neighbor, is a kind and successful businessman who could afford to give Willy $50 a week for a long time and to offer him a job. Unlike Willy, he is not an idealist and, pragmatically, advises him to forget about Biff and not take his failures and grudges too hard. Thats easy enough for you to say, replies Willy. The compassionate Charley retorts, That aint easy for me to say. Charley also has a successful son, Bernard, a former nerd whom Willy used to mock, in stark contrast with Willy’s unsuccessful sons.   Howard Wagner Willy’s employer, he is a doting father of two children, and, like Willy, a product of the current society. As a businessman, he is not so kind. Before the play begins, he downgraded Willy from a salaried position to only working on commission. Ben Ben is a symbol of the ruthless, self-made millionaire who made his fortune in â€Å"the jungle.† He likes to repeat the sentence â€Å"when I walked into the jungle, I was seventeen. When I walked out I was twenty-one. And, by God, I was rich!† He is solely seen from Willy’s viewpoint. The Woman in Boston Like Ben, the Woman in Boston is only seen from Willy’s viewpoint, but we learn that she is as lonely as Willy. When he tries to force her out of the room, she expresses feelings of anger and humiliation.

Questions On E Commerce Architecture Report - 2283 Words

Assignment No. 2 - E-Commerce Architecture Report Report MMIS-654 Summer 2016 Dr. Richard Manning Harindra Warnasuriya Arachchilage 8/14/2016 Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 3 Industry and Competitions 5 Business Plan Outline 6 1) Value Proposition 6 2) Revenue Model 6 3) Market Opportunity 6 4) Competitive Environment 6 5) Competitive Advantage 7 6) Market Strategy 8 7) Organizational Development 8 8) Management Team 8 IT Architecture Plan 9 Website- 9 Payment Process- 9 Software- 10 Hosting Service- 11 Interface Blueprint 12 Homepage 12 Product page 13 Shopping Cart 14 Checkout Page 15 Order Confirmation 16 Marketing Plan Outline 16 Reference 17 Executive Summary My proposed startup was an online grocery store called â€Å"Calorie Counter store†, the targeted customers are those people who health conscious, people who work out regularly are very conscious about what they intake. Another very important niche will be the vegans and the vegetarians. This website will be built on Magento Ecommerce Platform. The database used to store the product details, customer details, order transactions and to support the content management system will be in MySQL. The website will be hosted on Justhost, a hosting service provider which provides very competitive prices. The software and hardware specifications used will be described in specific details. Various methods will be used to advertise and get the project up and running. These methods will beShow MoreRelatedTeddy Bear1338 Words   |  6 PagesVermont Teddy Bear Report 1) How would you describe Vermont Teddy Bear  (VTB)’s business model (the products and services it sells, target market/s to whom it sells them, the value proposition it offers,  and its financial model)? Vermont Teddy Bear (VTB) has been found by John Sortino in 1981. 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The tremors of its presence were felt late by the industry at large, but the real galvanization happen after the dot.com burst which wiped the slate clean, and amazon.com and ebay.com were the survivors still standing. ―Amazon is e-commerceâ€â€" a term coined by a technocrat whose name is yet to reveal. But it’s a fact that Amazon was the one who made selling via internet a reality. Challenges were big which Amazon had to solve, and a prominent one was the mode of payment. Electronic payment

Explain The Meaning Of True And Fair View Accounting Essay Example For Students

Explain The Meaning Of True And Fair View Accounting Essay There are many types of audits in the accounting and auditing field. Each of them carries different map to the authorities, company and persons. However, they are the people who guarantee all the information in the fiscal statements is follow the guideline of those recognized accounting and audit criterions. They are non delegating to happen out the fraud, maltreatment and plan non-compliance. Alternatively, their function is to guarantee that the fiscal statement is reasonably presented. ( Brook, EXPLORING THE VALUE OF Financial Statement Audits, 2011 ) FINANCIAL AUDITS This type of audits is concentrating on analyzing the adequateness of the internal controls procedures, which include the recording, accounting and coverage of the concern minutess. They besides make certain that the dealing is recorded based on the Generally Accepted Accounting Principle ( GAAP ) . It will measure the truth and dependability of the fiscal statement by look intoing through the grounds of the dealing, such as reception, bill and measures. It can besides measure the economic activity of the company through the gross and disbursal rhythms, which include the sale and buying. The hearer will more concern about the control of the assets in order to safeguard the assets of the peculiar company. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AUDITS This type of audits is address on the automated information treating systems and computer-based system s elements. It evaluates the input, treating control, end product, security, backup and recovery programs and so forth. Besides, it besides focuses on the constructive betterment, so that the processing system can be carry out more expeditiously. In this audits, they need to execute general controls reappraisal, application controls reappraisal and system development reappraisal. General controls reappraisal pull off the development, operation of the application system and measure the informations centre, runing system, security package and so forth. Application controls reappraisal is controls of the specific application system such as input, processing and end product of the systems. System development reappraisal is about the development of new application system and normally there is a new operating environment or proficient platform needed. Conformity Audited account This is a comprehensive reappraisal of the internal operations of a company whether they are following the regulations and ordinances. Normally, this sort of auditing is verified by the regulative organic structure. For a departmentalization company, several hearers are needed for scrutinizing the operation of each of the section. The hearer will hold a meeting with the caput of section or director to corroborate the information of employees who merely added or leaved the company and the information of the admin staff that are allow accessing to the critical systems. In order to installation the procedure, event log direction package is prepared for the hearer to acquire the proven and grounds of the company that they are in conformity. FOLLOW-UP AUDIT This is an audit that focal point on evaluate the effectivity of the disciplinary action. They need to guarantee that the action plans that recommended is carry out within the clip frame. The follow-up audit may discourse with the old hearer who give the recommendation, look into the papers and the public presentation of the employees to measure the advancement of the disciplinary action. This type of audit is of import for the company to pull off their concern as stated in the mission and vision. This is due to the disciplinary action can be implement comprehensively and efficaciously when there is some jobs happen. FORENSIC Audited account When there is a condemnable instance such as fraud, peculation, money laundering and other fiscal claims, the audit needs to roll up the forensic grounds which is dependable for the usage in tribunal. They are able to cipher the losingss that consequence of the fiscal instance. The company hires the forensic audit to look into their employees and directors whether they have involved in the illegal instance and unsuitably usage of the resources. The betterment of transparence of the ways resources used can minimise the fraud instance and potency of the involvement conflicts happen. Harmonizing to R.A. Anderson, eHow Contributor, a forensic hearer can carry on research on Torahs and ordinances and therefore fix written studies to give recommendations. ( Anderson ) This shows that, forensic audit is of import for the development of Torahs and ordinances. .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8 , .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8 .postImageUrl , .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8 , .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8:hover , .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8:visited , .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8:active { border:0!important; } .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8:active , .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8 .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9ec7934d80844bc54498d6e5e8bb69c8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Surfing The Internet EssayOPERATIONAL Audited account This type of audits besides called as public presentation audit. It is focus on whether the company had to the full utilized their resources and used it in the efficient and effectual manner to accomplish their mission and vision. Their besides concern about whether the ways of operation or patterns of the employees is harmonizing to the established ends and programs. This can guarantee that their mission can be achieved. The information and beginnings used are the operational policy and accomplishment that is related to company s ends. G.EXPLAIN THE MEANING OF TRUE AND FAIR VIEW True and just position is one of the accounting constructs applied to guarantee that the fiscal study is relevance and dependable. The company should fix their fiscal study harmonizing to all the accounting rule and therefore, the rule of true and just position can be achieved automatically. It promotes that the company should suitably unwrap their accounting information and non all the truth about the company. It means that they can do some judgement and appraisal in the study such as proviso of dubious debt, as prudence is besides one of the accounting rules. When the fiscal study is verified by an audit and fulfills the standards of comprehensibility, relevancy, consistence, comparison, dependability and objectiveness, it can be considered as a true and just position . Anderson, R. ( n.d. ) . Forensic Audit Definition. Retrieved 11 11, 2012, from eHow: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ehow.com/about_5031886_forensic-audit-definition.html Brook, D. A. ( 2011 ) . EXPLORING THE VALUE OF Financial Statement Audits. The Journal of Government Financial Management, 38-43. Retrieved 11 11, 2012, from hypertext transfer protocol: //search.proquest.com.libezp.utar.edu.my/docview/857667445/139F68FA7CE4665B03/1? accountid=50207 Riley, J. ( 2012, September 23 ) . Accounting Concepts and Conventions. Retrieved 11 11, 2012, from Tutor2u: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tutor2u.net/business/accounts/accounting_conventions_concepts.htm Rouse, M. ( 2010, May ) . conformity audit. Retrieved 11 11, 2012, from hypertext transfer protocol: //searchcompliance.techtarget.com/definition/compliance-audit True And Fair. ( 2011, July ) . Retrieved 11 11, 2012, from Financial Reporting council: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.frc.org.uk/FRC-Documents/FRC/Paper-True-and-Fair.aspx True AND FAIR VIEW DEFINITION. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved 11 11, 2012, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ventureline.com/accounting-glossary/T/true-and-fair-view-definition/ Types of Audit. ( n.d. ) . ( U. o. Alberta, Producer ) Retrieved 11 11, 2012, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.internalaudit.ualberta.ca/en/TypesofAudit.aspx Types of Audits. ( n.d. ) . ( University, Carnegie Mellon ) Retrieved 11 11, 2012, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cmu.edu/finance/audit-services/internal/types-of-audits.html Types Of Audits. ( n.d. ) . ( C. S. UNIVERSITY, Producer ) Retrieved 11 11, 2012, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.csus.edu/aba/audit/Types-of-Audits.html Types of Audits and Reviews. ( n.d. ) . ( C. S. University, Producer ) Retrieved 11 11, 2012, from hypertext transfer protocol: //daf.csulb.edu/offices/univ_svcs/internalauditing/audits.html

Examples of Paper About Federal and Small Business Administration Essay Essay Example

Examples of Paper About Federal and Small Business Administration Essay Paper If you are interested in the professional spheres related to SBA business development, writing an essay about this theme is an unavoidable step. This field requires a person’s active position in life combined with a professional attitude to work. What is more, you need to mix the knowledge which you get from experience in real life and theory which you get from reading credible literature. In this article, you will find useful information about how to delegate the responsibilities when owning many small businesses. This data will be significant when you decide on preparing a high-quality small business administration essay. What is business administration SBA? Business administration is the most frequently used methods and techniques of business analysis. It is an opportunity to manage your enterprise effectively, analyze complicated tasks and think over strategic goals for the long-term perspective. The main content of the business administration act is the inner mechanism which helps coordinate the process. Here they are: principles of professional administration which build the fundamental basis for the SBA. It is where the management itself turns into one entity. In plain English, those principles are tips for the manager to understand how to lead the organization. functions of business administration, which are the primary, determining the SBA business development; methods of professional administration, which represent the sources of implementing a targeted effect on the production team or individual employee. Those methods differ in their motivational aspects and can be administrative, economic, socio-economic, and socio-psychological; style of leadership, which denotes a set of methods, techniques and actions which are typical for the leader in his or her relationship with the employees. Who needs to write a small business administration essay We will write a custom essay sample on Examples of Paper About Federal and Small Business Administration Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Examples of Paper About Federal and Small Business Administration Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Examples of Paper About Federal and Small Business Administration Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Master of Business Administration (MBA) is the worlds most prestigious and top-level business qualification for an entrepreneur. Preparing for this program involves a fundamental study of financial, accounting, information and computer disciplines, management, marketing, enterprise economics, human resources management, the legal basis for entrepreneurship. Writing a small business administration essay is one of the steps required for those who need to get MBA qualification. How to write a small business administration essay for MBA? Everything is not that difficult as it may look. All you need is be coherent and circumspect in your writing. For this, you will have to spend some days in preparation, research, structuring, and then starting to write a paper. If you follow the next steps, you will understand how easy writing can be. Even such topics like procurement assistance function or development company loans will be a piece of cake. Step 1. Read the task requirements Any assignment has specific criteria which students have to fulfill. If applying for MBA program, you will have to pay attention to this step. And it is not because you have to make your small business essay related to the question. The core reason is that you ought to show your character as a manager between the lines. If you miss the important information from the task description, how can you become a good administrator in the company? Writing a small business administration essay is more than preparing a paper with a good content. It is about examining the write on his or her ability to become a leader. Step 2. Choose the topic Topic selection is the next step after you have understood the assignment. Although many people suppose this step is easy, it is not correct. For this subject which you need for MBA essay, choosing the topic is very difficult. Your task is to be unique and interesting in the text. Readers are not looking for boring themes which they have already read millions of times. You have to find something that is new, ground-breaking but not many people already discuss it. It can be a problem or interesting startup case, study case of popular companies with interesting solutions. For completing this step you will have to spend a lot of hours online looking for the right info in the web. Step 3. Research your theme No text exists without proper research. It is impossible to prepare a top-notch work without using sources, quotes, classifications. The writer can find all this by reading lots of literature. For this you will have to go to the library or again use the world wide web. Don’t forget to check Harvard Business Review with their popular study cases. Here you will find what you need. Step 4. Prepare MLA notes When doing the research, it is vital to keep the information which you find in black and white. You may say that one can train memory if keeping everything in mind. However, you may risk valuable scores for this mistake. Use notes which already have the correct formatting. Usually, it is MLA for such subjects. But we recommend looking for the required formatting style in the task description. Step 5. Structure your paper There are lots of methods about how you can structure your paper. You can use notes, boards, laptop, ordinary pen and sheet of paper. You can even make an audio file with the plans. Choose the most suitable techniques for structuring and start planning. Again, this step is about showing you as a manager. Planning is one of the most significant activities which a leader makes. Show that you can organize the text, and the reader will believe that you can do the same in real life. Step 6. Check if you meet all the criteria When the paper is ready, you need to reread it several times. Don’t think that somebody can do this for you. There are lots of pieces of advice to give the paper to somebody for editing. However, it is not obligatory. As a future administrator or even CEO or COO, you need to learn how to cope with the task alone. Take the responsibility for your small business administration essay. This will help you become more versatile and circumspect. 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Good Eating essays

Good Eating essays Everyone has heard the adage "you are what you eat," but what does this saying truly mean? For one to be in good health, he or she needs to put good, nutritious food into his or her body that supplies them with lasting energy. Unfortunately, obesity is a pandemic that has swept across the United States, and the media's perpetual spotlight on the matter has made it a concern for the populace. Some critics believe that it is not the responsibility of the eater. We must propose the question, who is to blame? Do we sympathize with the working man and the poor who are unable to afford healthy foods by placing blame on corporations, do we take responsibility for our own health habits, or do we let others such as the government take the blame? In most cases, the person who is truly at fault when it comes to the topic of obesity and weight is the eater because he or she is the one making the conscious decision of what to eat. However, there are other cases. Sometimes there is not much one can do when they are living paycheck to paycheck in a low-income community, so they may need some help in order Obesity has even reached children proving that no one no matter what age, no one is safe from this disease. Other health problems arise when one is overweight such as diabetes, and, "According to the National Institutes of Health, Type 2 diabetes accounts for at least 30 percent of all new childhood cases of diabetes in this country" (Zinczenko 154). In his article "Don't Blame the Eater," David Zinczenko argues that the fast-food industry is contributing to the overwhelming percentage of childhood obesity in the United States. He observes that there are not any healthy alternatives for children and teens to take, so the only option they are left with is cheap and calorie infested fast foods. The blame is being put on corporations because fast-food patrons do not know exactly what they are putting...

Operational Management - ASOS online clothing (logistics) Assignment

Operational Management - ASOS online clothing (logistics) - Assignment Example The findings showed that the performance of any company entirely depends on the Operation Management (OM) frameworks of that particular company therefore the researcher gave a way forward of improving the performance of ASOS considering OM Issues. Table of Contents Abstract 1 Table of Contents 2 ASOS Online Clothing 3 Introduction 4 1. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT FOR ASOS 4 Problem with Positioning the Firm in the Supply Chain 4 Problem in the Environment of Supply Chain 5 Logistical Problems at ASOS 5 Unrelated Trade-off Elements 6 SOLUTION 1 6 2. CONNECTIONS BETWEEN STRATEGY AND OPERATIONS 8 Functional Areas for ASOS 8 SOLUTION 2 9 The ‘Operation’ at ASOS 9 The ‘Strategy’ for ASOS (Market Entry) 11 Beyond immediate boundaries of the firm are other parties with a direct connection with the businesses’ OM. Amongst these stakeholders, the most important of all are the customers. Customers have a number of interests in the activities of a business. These in terests can only be enhanced by an effective operation system of the business. Service, Availability, Price, Reliability are some of the issues that are concerned with the operations management of every company. The supply chain elements affect customers directly and indirectly. Shareholders and employees also contribute and provide support to the company whenever called upon; therefore, in order for the ASOS Company to maintain good relations with them it should be able to meet stakeholder needs. This ability cannot be accomplished without an effective OM system that will implement strategic and tactical operations that will ensure stakeholders needs have been met (Ashman, & Vazquez, 2012, p.975 – 996). 12 Conclusion 12 Reference 13 Cooper,  R.G.  (1999), â€Å"The Invisible Success Factors in Product Innovation.† The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 6 p. 1–17 14 ASOS Online Clothing Introduction Founded June 2000, ASOS Online Clothing is one of th e leading online-only fashions store in the UK. With revenue of ?753 million and a net income of ?29 million per annual, has kept ASOS on top of their game as the largest online fashion retailer. The company sells branded women and menswear including jewellery, footwear, and accessories. ASOS online clothing, just like any other industry, has adopted the various Operations Management (OM) characteristics for the sake of the smooth running of the business. This report seeks to investigate theoretical cases, problems and peculiarities in relation to the Operational activities of ASOS online clothing industry. 1. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT FOR ASOS ASOS online clothing is an online store; it automatically qualifies as a global industry since the internet is accessible globally. The Company has adopted a few aspects regarding to logistics and its operations systems. As an international product distributor, it has embraced logistical activities that have gained them a global strategic suppl y chain advantage. However, there are peculiarities that hinder the operations supply chain as the industry grows (Inkpen, 1998, p.2–30). Problem with Positioning the Firm in the Supply Chain ASOS Company relies entirely on ‘

Chinese Cinema Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Chinese Cinema Analysis - Research Paper Example I figured pursuing Chinese cinema will be a considerable source of information regarding the section. In addition, studying Chinese cinema will offer me different approaches that are outside the average of what any film student’s scope. This is an area where most people to do not venture in their studies. Chen has been visible in Chinese cinema from the 1980s up to recent times. In analyzing Chen, the paper will focus on various elements present in the films under his name. For instance, the subject matter of the film, plot, setting, characters depicted theme and cinematography. Two films, Farewell My Concubine and Yellow Earth will be the main focus of Chen’s film. Chen Kaige Films from China have become a celebrated part of world cinema, winning prizes at film festivals and widespread viewers. The force behind these achievements is the vision and talent of a young group of filmmakers who emerged in the 1980s. One of the major contributors to these achievements is Chen Kaige. Most of the characters in Chen’s films stand out as happy and carefree people, which cannot be a reflection of the director’s life. This renowned director in Chinese cinema was born in Beijing in 1952, to the father who was equally popular because of his effort in the cinema industry in Chi na. At a remarkably tender age, Chen pursued his dream in film and in the year 1978, he joined Beijing Film Academy. While in the academy, Chen met other presently renowned film-makers, Zhang Yimou and Tian Zhuangzhuang, who helped revolutionize the film industry in China. Most people who studied film in the academy later came to be known as the Fifth Generation. From the works of Chen Kaige in the 1980s and the present, it is evident that China has undergone tremendous changes. According to Chen, the dream of an idealized socialist society had a new place in the fashionable need for material wealth. Despite this change, totalitarian predispositions remain evident in Chinese cinema such as censorship of films.  

A Study On The Social Policy Social Policy Essay

A Study On The Social Policy Social Policy Essay One definition of social policy is the legal framework from within which society, or in our sphere, medical professionals operate. In the UK social policy mainly consists of Acts of Parliament, although there is also an element of Common Law (laws that are made by the courts) and Ministerial Instruments (Instructions from Ministers that instruct). It is worth noting that all social policy that is passed is within the context of the UK being a western democracy and as part of the EU. The notion of western democracy is important. Parliament does not just pass legislation, it attempts to pass legislation that is either in the short term or long term interests of the electorate, us! We elect and lobby MPs, governments are formed and Bills are introduced and discussed in both Houses. In addition we join pressure groups and professional associations that attempt to exert influence on the legislative process. One of consequences of legislation is that society begins to work on behalf of individuals. John Locke introduced the idea of a Social Contract the relationship between the state and the individual; the idea that the state should provide a minimum standard of living for the individual. Poor Laws were introduced as far Back as 1536 an attempt by the state to provide work for the individual. Laissez Faire the idea that market forces should prevail was being questioned, Charities, the church and philanthropists began to provide for people. Samuel Greg, for example, founded Styal Mill in Cheshire, an industrial work place, but he also took in children and trained them to work in the mill as well as providing quality housing and health care provision for his workers. This approach took a while to bed in bed other captains of industry began to see the advantages of treating their employees with compassion and soon began to lobby government to organise this new interventionist approach t o society. In 1870 the Forster Act was passed, this was the turning point the state took responsibility for education for children between the ages of 5 and 12. Further changes to the education, pensions and benefits systems were introduced over the next 80 years but the main raft of social policies were introduced after WWII. During WWII William Beveridge conducted an audit into the state of the nation. He toured the country and was astonished with what he found. Britain was not a country fit for heroes. Change was needed. He identified 5 great evils: Want, Ignorance, Squalor, Disease and Idleness. Together these evils prevented Britain realising its potential, they were a cancer evident in the fabric of society. Together they negated any notions of meritocracy. With the end of WWII came great optimism, a new post modern society was the vision. Politicians saw their roles as architects of such a society. In July 1947 The Welfare State was officially launched. It aimed to provide a safety net for the population, to intervene in peoples lives and to provide where and when needed. The days of Laissez Faire were over the state would provide. The Welfare State also aimed to eradicate the 5 great evils in the following ways Want: A universal benefits system was introduced. No longer were those in poverty forced to go cap in hand to the church, family members or charities. Many benefits were not means tested they were universal, e.g. Child benefit is paid to all mothers irrespective of income. Ignorance: The Tri-partite system was introduced as a result of the Bulter Education Act 1944. All students sat the 11+ and the result of this exam determined what school they then attended; Grammar School, Secondary Modern Schools, or Secondary Technical Schools. All students attended school until the age of 15 and it was free. Squalor: Squalor means absolute and systemic poverty that is exacerbated by appalling living conditions, e.g. the Gorbals Tenements in Glasgow or the Victorian slums in many industrial cities e.g. Burnley, which were described as, crowded, one of the most filthy and one of the most unhealthy villages P144 Briggs. In addition there was the opportunity that was created by the bombings of the major cities during WWII. People needed housing and needed it fast. The result was The New Towns Act that were passed by Parliament in 1946. It enabled local authorities to build completely new towns in the following areas: England; Basildon, Bracknell, Corby, Harlow, Hatfield, Hemel Hempstead, Milton Keyes, Newton Aycliffe, Peterlee, Redditch, Runcorn, Skelmersdale, Stevenage, Telford, Washington, and Welwyn Garden City. Idleness: People faced crippling unemployment. The Great Depression started in 1929 in the US but continued well into the 1930s and 1940, real economic activity only came as a result of WWII. People needed jobs and the government proposed a policy called Jobs For All. Everyone who needed / wanted a job would be given a job by the government. This was relatively easy to achieve as the welfare state saw a massive building programme and subsequent job in health, education, benefits, etc. The following graph show unemployment rates since WWII: Disease: The government introduced the national Health System in 1947, for the 1st time ever all people had access to free GPs, Hospital care, midwives, Dentists, Opticians etc. Prescriptions were free, inoculations were given, the old killers; TB, Polio, etc were virtually eradicated. Infant mortality rates dropped, life expectance rose and it appeared that the initial spending by the state could be reduced as people were becoming dramatically healthier. All of the above was free at the point of access. The Welfare State was paid for initially by government borrowing and National Insurance contributions. One of the remarkable things about the Welfare State is that is saw the origins of Consensus Politics. Consensus Politics can be defined as the phrase used to describe the practice of government in Britain between 1945 and 1979. The phenomenon was observed by political scientists and media commentators; Britains two major political parties, the Conservative Party and Labour Party, were in agreement, or consensus, over certain basic government policies in the decades after World War II. The introduction of fundamental changes in government responsibility, such as the welfare state, the national health service (NHS), and widespread nationalization of industry, were effectively unchallenged by either party. Essentially this means that regardless of who was in power from 1945 to the mid 1970s both parties agreed to the broad principles of the Welfare State, Interventionism and State Control of Industry. Governments strived to be philanthropic in their nature, to support people, to enable people to realise their potential. Britain strived to become more meritocratic in nature. No longer would it be the case that people were given jobs due to their family, with a free education system according to, age, aptitude and ability theoretically anyone could rise from the lowest social class to the top jobs in society, John Prescott being a relatively good example of where this has been the case. What led to the end of consensus politics is a matter of debate. James Callaghans Great Debate Speech at Ruskin College Oxford is cited as a turning point. Essentially he asked the questions: what has the Welfare state achieved thus far and, more importantly, what is the future? Here both main parties went their separate ways. Thatcher was elected in 1979 and with her came politics of the market and the New Right. During the 1980 Labour wet left on the political spectrum Thatcher sold off the Industrialised industries, she also introduced the broad principles of the market into the various parts of the Welfare State. This policy is know as markedization. Essentially the five major components of the Welfare State were re-orientated in way to create a more flexible workforce, and a way where the principles of the market were the most important. The important policies that were introduced during this time were: Education: The Educational Reform Act 1988 introduced OFSTED, League tables, GM schools, competition between schools. Passing exams became more important that gaining an education. Health: Ken Clarkes mainly effective reforms. Health authorities were now purchasers buying broad block contracts from hospitals. Regional authorities took strategic decisions. Costs became more transparent; the one error was allowing competition on price. To ginger up the market, keen GPs held their own budgets to buy faster services for their patients, creating an unfair two-tier system. But this was a purely internal market with no private involvement and all cash staying in the NHS. The Guardian 7th October 2005 Housing: Council homes were sold off by Thatcher at greatly reduced rates, thus creating a need for more social housing and also a raft of new middle class propertied people who now may well vote Conservative. At its simplest, if the Welfare State were a safety net suspended beneath society to help people bounce back into work, affluence etc, the safety net was lowered, people would have to look after themselves again. The days of Big Interventionist Government were over as epitomised by Thatchers quote in 1987: I think weve been through a period where too many people have been given to understand that if they have a problem, its the governments job to cope with it. I have a problem, Ill get a grant. Im homeless, the government must house me. Theyre casting their problem on society. And, you know, there is no such thing as society. There are individual men and women, and there are families. And no government can do anything except through people, and people must look to themselves first. Its our duty to look after ourselves and then, also to look after our neighbour. People have got the entitlements too much in mind, without the obligations. Theres no such thing as entitlement, unless some one has first met an obligation. The New right dominated through to 1997. Blaire was elected on May 2nd 1997, at the celebration party they played d-ream things can only get better. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RHXA5GykEbw it appeared to be the start of a brave new era, underpinned by Giddens Third Way, neither left wing or right wing politics but a realistic and pragmatic combination of both and a smattering of blue skies thinking the challenging of paradigms. Thirteen years later, subsequent elections, wars in Iraq, sleaze and MPs and it would appear that there was very little difference between Thatcher, Major, Blaire or Brown. All we have seen is the consensus politics after WWII replaced with neo-consensus politics that is to the right of the political spectrum. At the very least politicians campaign in poetry and govern in prose, to be frank they are at least disingenuous, at worse they are mere puppets. The Marxist model of power advocates that power resides in the hands of the bourgeoisie, Britain is not a meritocracy of a democracy, and such notions are illusions perpetuated by the bourgeoisie to perpetuate false class consciousness. All the welfare state actually achieves is a proletariat who are educated, housed and healthy enough to be exploited by the bourgeoisie in the capitalist means of production. Politicians merely manage the affairs of the bourgeoisie. All legislation that has ever been passes is initially in the interests of the bourgeoisie. The welfare state for example is not some altruistic gift from government it is actually paid for by the proletariat. If one were to consider the works of Althusser, Illich, Bowles and Gintis etc, then one might actually conclude that the welfare state is actually against the interests of the Proletariat. To conclude one could look at Britain PLC. Postmodernism would argue that NGOs and TNCs are far more influential that nations particularly small nations like the UK. What politicians do needs to be as a consequence of global factors. Young people today are competing for jobs with people in their own town as well as those from India and China and the skills that they need must reflect this fact. Future social policy will be very similar to legislation passed in other countries. This can be seen with the Health care reforms advocated by Obahma, or the educational policies in operation in Australia, we are becoming similar, globalization is happening, IT is creating a homogenous mass. Biography http://www.manchester2002-uk.com/history/victorian/quarrybankmill.html Sociology in Focus. Haralambos. 7th Edition. 2008 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_Education_Act_1870 Social Insurance and Allied Services. Sir William Beveridge. 1942. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_Act_1944 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorbals Victorian Cities by Asia Briggs 1993. http://www.budget.gov.au/2004-05/bp1/image/bst4-1.gif http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2005/oct/07/publicservices.health Giddens: The Third Way. The Renewal of Social Democracy. 1998

The Unconscious Bias of Intelligence Tests :: Research Papers

The Unconscious Bias of Intelligence Tests In the chapter entitled â€Å"The Hereditarian Theory of IQ: An American Invention† in The Mismeasure of Man (New York: Norton, 1996), Stephen Jay Gould analyzes the reasoning behind intelligence tests. Gould begins the chapter by stating how Alfred Binet, who studied the measurement of intelligence, began this endeavor in order to institute special education for learning-disabled and other disadvantaged children. Gould continues his analysis by reporting that three of Binet’s followers, H. H. Goddard (who brought Binet’s scale to America), Lewis M. Terman (who developed the Stanford- Binet scale), and Robert M. Yerkes (who persuaded the army to test the intelligence of 1.75 million men in World War I), corrupted Binet’s work and used his tests to measure an element they called â€Å"intelligence,† which ultimately resulted in peoplebeing labeled as either â€Å"intelligent† or â€Å"stupid.† In this chapter, Gould successfully demonstrates that the work of these three men was affected by their unconscious biases and preconceived ideas. According to Gould, Alfred Binet developed his scale for a sensible, effective motive. The original purpose of Binet’s scale was to identify children whose poor performances in school suggested a need for special education. Unlike previous tests, Binet’s scale utilized a variety of distinct activities, such as counting coins and comprehension, which tested a child’s different abilitites: â€Å"Binet decided to assign an age level to each task, defined as the youngest age at which a child of normal intelligence should be able to complete the task successfully† (179). The age parallel with the last task the child could successfully complete was that particular child’s â€Å"mental age.† A child’s level of intelligence was determined by subtracting his/her mental age from his/her true chronological age. Those children whose mental ages were a great deal behind their chronological ages were recommended for special education programs. In 1912, W. Stern suggested instead of subtracting the mental age of a child from his/her chronological age, the mental age should be divided by his/her chronological age, and thus the intelligence quotient (IQ) came into existence. Binet never once labeled IQ as inborn intelligence; he simply used his scale to identify those children who were learning-disabled, in an effort to direct them to places where they would receive special help. H.H. Goddard was the first person to make Binet’s scale popular in America. However, Goddard distorted Binet’s scale and relied on it to identify the allegedly intellectually defective people in the country; he even relied on his preconceived notions to label these individuals â€Å"feeble-minded† and â€Å"morons† from the Greek word meaning foolish. All people whose actions went against moral behavior were designated â€Å"morons.† These people included criminals, alcoholics, and prostitutes. According to Gould, Goddard believed â€Å"morons† should be

Comparison of Wilfred Owen Poems Essay

Wilfred Owen is a twentieth century poetry writer who was born in Oswestry in Shropshire. In 1915 he enlisted fighting on the western front. During a spell in the Craglockhart hospital he met Seigfried Sassoon who encouraged him to develop his poetry. Owens’s poems are amongst the most famous and poignant of the war. He died in1918 trying to cross the Sambre canal. From his work I will analyse and study two poems. The poems which I have chosen are Dulce Et Decorum Est and Disabled. The reason why I decided to analyse these poems is because I felt that they both told a catastrophic and heartbreaking story of what war was really like. Both of these poems were written at a time when Wilfred Owen seemed to be bitter, some may say disenchanted by the whole situation. Arguably his most famous poem, ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’, is a fine example of his narrative, first-person poems, written through his own eyes and based on his own experiences and views of the war. I have chosen to describe Dulce Et because it shows the struggle of a group of people who have to overcome the most extraordinary events day in day out. I have chosen Disabled because it shows the struggle of one man who everyday contemplates his wasted life. All he has are the memories but they seem to become more distant as the days go on. Dulce Et Decorum Est Pro Patri Mori translated in to English means It Is Sweet And Honourable To Die For Ones Country. If someone is reading the poem for the first time and learns of the English meaning of the title before reading the poem they may feel it is a poem that represents the army in a positive way. However this assumption could not be further from the truth. After reading the poem a number of times I have come to a conclusion that Owen has titled this poem Dulce Et Decorum Est because of the strong statement that he makes in the poem. In a way I get the feeling that Owen was mocking the saying but I do not think he was mocking the army as a whole just that single principal. The soldiers are weighed down by all the things that they are carrying, perhaps they are even weighed down by the expectation of their country. Owen says, † Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs† The soldiers are exhausted and so tired that even when the flares go off behind them they do not have the energy to or even feel like turning around to see them. Owen describes the soldiers as being â€Å"Drunk with fatigue† He is saying that the soldiers are so tired that it is as though they are drunk. Owen is trying to say that the soldiers are as though they do not know entirely what they are doing. They are just being led along like zombies because they are inexperience and have no clue to what is happening. These men are but mere shadows of the bright vibrant people that started on this epic journey. The pace of the poem quickens in the second stanza. The soldiers are awoken by a gas attack. This effectively shatters the mood that Owen has told of us in the opening stanza. The soldiers are now awoken by the fact that their lives are in extreme danger and they now have to be fully aware of all their surroundings. Owen says, † Dim through the misty panes and thick green light, As under a green sea, I saw him drowning† The green light Owen talks of is the sight of toxic gas which they can see through their gas masks. Owen uses a simile saying that the man is drowning in a green sea. The reality of this is that the man is drowning in a sea of his own toxic blood. He tells us how this memory has stayed with him. The sickening sight of a man plunging at him. Owen seems to have a great fear of the gas attacks when he talks about them. He talks of all of the nightmares he has had because of the war and this event in particular He states, â€Å"In all my dreams before my helpless sight† The word ‘helpless’ shows that he could not do nothing to help that man apart from stare at him and feel sorry for him. He describes how the man was taken away and the narrator Owen walked behind and saw his face. Owen is still haunted by the nightmare. â€Å"We flung him in† The dead bodies are treated like meat there are so many deaths it becomes like a routine thing. He realises the horror that is standing behind the man who has been gassed to death. â€Å"My friend, you would not tell with such high zest To children ardent for some desperate glory.† Owen is saying that if you could see the horrific events he had seen then you would not believe the lie. By saying this he is expressing the bitterness he has not only for the army but the situation as a whole. He believes that the army has portrayed the life of a soldier at war as being heroic and exciting but in real life it is the complete opposite. Owen adds more examples of this throughout the last stanza for example he says, â€Å"If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood Come gargling from the froth coming-corrupted lungs,† In this quote he describes the situation that the men where in and how their lungs were pumping out blood instead of air. Owen is trying to make the reader understand that the war was told to be very fascinating and an intriguing experience but in reality that is far from the truth. Owens main question to the reader in the last stanza is before going into the army think carefully about what you are doing as you might experience something in great contrast to what you may have imagined. The poem is describing a terrible shocking death by gas, how can it be sweet and honourable to die for ones country if you die like this. This is the country that sold him the old lie. â€Å"Dulce et decorum Est pro patri mori.† In the poem ‘Disabled’ Owen is describing someone that he knew in the army. This man was in the Scottish regiment, He has had his leg blown up when he was fighting in the war. His disability is extremely severe, because he has no legs and his arms are sewn at the elbow. He has to be dependant on other people to feed him, clothe him and wash him. He is in an institute, a nursing home of some sort. He wants very much to be in the dark because then everything will be quiet. He is sick and tired with life and is waiting to die. He hears voices of boys singing, these are voices of people playing just as he had once played. He talks about the evenings. He says that at this time the towns atmosphere was fun and happy everyone is dancing having fun. He is very sad that he will never again experience this. He says the girls look upon him like he has some kind of disease. He talks of how he will never again feel the waist of a woman, he also talks about how he, â€Å"threw away his knees in the war†. This quote is a metaphor and it means that his leg got blown up during the war and it does not mean that he literally threw his knees in the war. This type of literary device is used so that the poet could compare one object with another directly instead of using like and as. In the third verse Owen describes the effects after war and how your appearance could change drastically. He says, â€Å"For it was younger than his youth, last year. Now, he is old; his back will never brace.† Owen is trying to show that this person went to the war very young and now as he has came back he is so old that he can not even support his own back. Owen is showing the truth about war and that you do not become heroes when you come back from war instead you become unpopular and hated by people. His negative opinion about war becomes even more apparent when he mentions the blood lost by many soldiers during war. â€Å"He’s lost his colour very far from here, Poured down shell-holes till the veins ran dry.† Owen portrays the war in a pessimistic way and tries to influence people to listen to what he is saying and that war is horrible because it could ruin many people’s lives He feels that he has given so much for his country and he does not get anything back in return instead many people do not even want to know him. â€Å"And leap of purple spurted from his thigh.† He loved his youth. When his leg had blown away a massive part of him was now missing. One time he saw blood down his leg from a football injury, he thought this was great. Now he has no leg. He wonders why he joined the army. He tries to impress people as they told him he would do well in the army. There were a couple of reasons why he signed up the first reason was that his dear Meg would be pleased of him and the second reason was that in those days men thought that if they went to fight in a war the ladies back home would find them more attractive and think of them as heroes. At the time he was not frightened of being afraid. Owen says â€Å"And no fears of fear have come yet† He had thoughts of all the swords and other weaponry that he would receive in the army. He felt very happy in handling all the sophisticated machinery. He had great thoughts of wearing the smart uniform and making those proud salutes. At this moment he had no worries about the war and what he would face but instead he imagines all the enjoyable aspects of war. This quote shows that the war in those days was portrayed as exciting and pleasurable and that no one was told about the injuries that happen during war. So I think this is why the person in this poem had no worries because he did not know the disastrous affects that could scare him for life. He thought that playing football was great, the buzz he got from the cheering. People thought of him as hero. He thought that people would cheer for him in the army, he wanted to be a hero in the army. He thinks of the army spirit, the pride in his unit. He tells about how he was given cheers and the noise of the drums as he leaves. He is so very optimistic. When he is brought back the cheers were not like the ones before the cheers are in contrast to what he imagined. This is ironic to him because he thought everyone will be proud of him and greet him with honour but it was the opposite of what he had expected. Only a few people cheered when he came back only one man inquired this man was the priest. This makes him feel in a way betrayed because he was told that you would become a hero after the war and that your family and friends will be proud and thrilled that you fought for your country. As you can see this is not true and many people ignore him because of his appearance. The man feels that what he has done has been of no use because nobody appreciates that he risked his life for the sake of his country. His final thought in the poem is one of total depression. He thinks that life is pointless. He is so helpless he can not go to bed without someone there to help him. He feels as though he only has a few years left. He wants to be put to death as he feels like he has and can do nothing that he feels will make his life tolerable and he feels as though nothing that he does or feels will make him feel his life is worth it. He feels as if he has been demoralised and disheartened by the people that he used to once know. As you can see from both poems they are very powerful. Each of the two poems make a statement. One difference between the poems is that Dulce Est. is a view on the army as a whole and describes the effects of the soldiers. With Disabled it is just a description of the turmoil of one person. One issue that I feel both poems, have in common is that they both talk about how the soldiers were lied to and how they were sold a lie. This is more true of Dulce Et because it shows that all the soldiers where told the lie but with Disabled it just shows that one man was told the lie. Because of this lie many soldiers were affected in Dulce Et and only one person from Disabled was affected by it. If a person wanted an example of army life was like for a platoon at its worst I would show them Dulce Et Decorum. If I was asked about a poem that describes a poem where a person can see how the war affected people. I would recommend the poem Disabled because as you can see, it has devastating after effects. Disabled is in my opinion the most emotional of the stories as it represents a mans struggle for his life. This man can offer nothing to his country now. He can not even offer himself something. His life is in total disarray and nothing in his life is worth living for. While the people in Dulce Et are still alive this mans souls has in effect died. He has lost his colour and can not get used to the fact of being unpopular. I find Dulce Et Decorum to be the most powerful of the two poems. My reasons are as follows, although Disabled is a very good, very powerful poem in it’s own right it only describes the view of one person in the army. I think that what makes Dulce Et so powerful is that Owen speaks for the masses in the army when he talks of the daily horrifying sights and regular attempts by the Germans to gas them. This poem realistically showed the horrifying events which occurred during war. Reading these poems can enlighten a person. At the moment many people around the world must be thinking that their lives are so stressful and are under extreme pressure. But their life is no way as stressful and pressurising as these young men must have gone through. These events can put many social problems into perspective. Everyday this man had to battle through endless pain and suffering in sake of their nation but is it worth it? Is risking your life worth it for your country? I believe that war should never be the solution to any problem and that many people should discourage war instead of encouraging it.